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Clermontia micrantha

(Hillebr.) Rock (1919)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Clermontia

‘ōhā [oha], ‘ōhā wai [oha wai], hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs, 0.4–2 m tall, terrestrial.

Stems: Stems branched repeatedly, spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex, pith solid, latex white, viscous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic or oblong 4–10 cm long, 1–2.5 cm wide. Apex acute or acuminate. Base cuneate or attenuate. Surfaces glabrous; blades coriaceous, dull; Upper surfaces green or dark green; lower surfaces light green often suffused with magenta especially on the veins. Margins callose–crenulate. Petioles 1.5–4 cm long, glabrous. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 2(–5)–flowered, glabrous; peduncle 0.5–1 cm long, spreading, bibracteate at apex; pedicels 0.7–1.4 cm long, spreading, bibracteolate near base. Flowers bisexual (perfect), epigynous, zygomorphic, resupinate, protandrous. Hypanthium 5–8 mm long, 3–7 mm in diameter, obovoid or turbinate, glabrous. Perianth 1.8–2.8 cm long, rotate, rose, glabrous; tube 0.7–1.3 cm long, 3–5 mm in diameter, suberect; lobes 1–1.6 cm long, 1–2.7 mm wide, recurved. Stamens 5, syngenesious, alternate with the corolla lobes, staminal column exserted, erect or suberect; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, purple, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter with tufts of stiff white trichomes at apex, otherwise glabrous, or sometimes pubescent along the sutures, rarely so on the surfaces, the tube 6–8 mm long, 1.8–2.2 mm in diameter, glabrous or pubescent; filaments connate above, free from the corolla, 1.7–2 cm long, rose or purple, glabrous. Pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, 2-loculed; ovule placentation axile, placentae large; style slender, terete (cylindrical), with a ring of stiff white hairs near apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and non–receptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries 1.2–1.5 cm long; 0.9–1.5 cm wide; orange; obovoid or subglobose. Seeds numerous; tiny; dark brown or black; minutely foveate–reticulate; shiny; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: West Maui; montane bogs; and Lānaʻi; montane rain forests.

Elevation Range: 670–1460 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Monogr. Stud. Haw. Lobelioid.: 334 (1919)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:432 (L, WM); Lammers 1991:59 (KEY, DESCR); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Munro 930 BISH (L†, 1929)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros polymorpha, Psychotria mariniana, Boehmeria grandis, Hedyotis acuminata, Blechnum occidentale, Deschampsia nubigena, Odontosoria chinensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Tibouchina herbacea, Cibotium glaucum, Lythrum maritimum Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub, upright, branched, fully foliated Meidell, J.S. 143 Maui BISH 1996-08-21
2 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details forest Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 766 Maui BISH 1922-10-09
3 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details ridge, rain forest Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Maui BISH 1933-08-16
4 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet ohia forest with native trees, shrubs, treefern Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub with ~90 branches; light purple corolla; staminal column purple Warshauer, F.R. 3034 Maui BISH 1980-08-14
5 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet matted-fern, native and exotic shrub community with scattered ohia and exotic trees. Preserved_Specimen Flowers purple, calyx = corolla length. Jacobi, J.D. 3014 Lanai BISH 1979-08-30
6 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Native montane bog Preserved_Specimen flowering. Small pinkish purple flowers. Many branches. All along boardwalk into bog Carter, I. 35 Maui BISH 2000-07-23
7 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details in widswept wet forest. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Broussaisia, Ilex, Vaccinium, Kadua, Cibotium, Melicope, Labordia, Sadleria, Dubautia, Freycinetia, Isachne. Preserved_Specimen Locally common shrubs; flowers ro Oppenheimer, H.L. 91001 Maui BISH 2010-09-01
8 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane Wet Shrubland at 4120 ft under a Metrosideros canopy with Coprosma, Hedyotis, Broussaisia, Psychotria, Ilex, Sadleria, Cyrtandra and a diversity of native ferns Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1274 Maui BISH 1991-08-27
9 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Under a coanopy of Metrosideros polymorpha, 7 m ht. Understory of Ilex anomala, Coprosma foliosa, Broussaisia arguta, Hedyotis terminalis, Freycinetia & Psychotria spp. Preserved_Specimen Corolla of Clermontia pink, small flowers. Welton, P. 1276 Maui BISH 1991-08-27
10 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing along stream. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 119914 Maui BISH 1999-11-18
11 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub-matted fern understory. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9491 Maui BISH 1980-08-16
12 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details upper forest Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14784 Maui BISH 1916-09-24
13 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details rain forest Preserved_Specimen 1 m; much branched; flower pale lavender, creamy toward base of tube Ewart III, G.R. 118 Maui BISH 1928-12-18
14 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros-Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest with Pipturus albidus, Clermontia micrantha, Cyanea scabra, Wikstroemia, Sadleria cyatheoides, Dubautia plantaginea, Cibotium, Dicranopteris linearis, Psychotria, Broussaisia arguta, Bidens conjuncta, Labordia hedyosmifolia, Machaerina angustifolia. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m high with fls; fl color pink. Perlman, S. 21242 Maui BISH 2008-11-06
15 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 1 m ; much branched; flower pale lavender, creamy toward base of tube Ewart III, G.R. 131 Maui BISH 1928-12-18
16 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Plant originally from Lanai. In flower. Died after fruiting. Munro, G.C. 8 Oahu BISH 1935-08-01
17 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros montane wet forest. With Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, Dubautia plantaginea, Kadua affinis, Phyllostegia ambigua, Antidesma platyphylla, Clermontia micrantha, Pipturus albidus, Ch Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 meter ht with purple Perlman, S. 21643 Maui BISH 2009-05-19
18 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 930 Lanai BISH 1929-10-17
19 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Transplanted from Lanai. Grew well but wilted when fruit was nearly ripe, and died. Munro, G.C. 9 Oahu BISH 1935-10-16
20 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane Wet Shrubland at 4100 ft on the N ridge of Lihau above the greenswords with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Cibotium, Lycopodium, Dicranopteris and Sadleria Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1099 Maui BISH 1991-07-13
21 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8179 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
22 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 718 Maui BISH 1979-10-24
23 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 14821 Maui BISH 1916-09-24
24 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Metrosideros-Cheirodendron lowland wet forest with Dubautia plantaginea, Broussaisia, Cyrtandra spp., Pipturus, Perrottetia, Melicope clusiifolia, Cibotium, Sadleria, Cyanea macrostegia, Clermontia spp., Myrsine, Trematolobelia, Urera, Machaerina, Boehmeria, Ilex, Tibouchina herbacea, Rubus Preserved_Specimen Large shrubs 8 ft. ht. With flowers mostly white, with some purple, larger flowers and larger fruit than the usual, fruit purple to orange. Perlman, S. 16340 Maui BISH 1998-08-10
25 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 5 ft. x 3 in. Woolford, H.A. Maui BISH 1956-08-20
26 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH 1870-08-01
27 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Kadua, Melicope, Myrsine, Dubautia, Coprosma, Rubus, Sticherus, Sadleria, Cibotium, Dryopteris, Diplazium, Smilax, Freycinetia, Rubus, Astelia, Carex, Peperomia, Pseudophegopteris. Preserved_Specimen Occasional shrubs 1.5m tall; flowers rose-purple, latex white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 111002 Maui BISH 2010-11-03
28 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 930 Lanai BISH 1929-10-17
29 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 664 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
30 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 457 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
31 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 33 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
32 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 422 Maui BISH 1916-09-25
33 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 618 Maui BISH 1916-09-25
34 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8179 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
35 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details trail Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2683 Maui BISH 1938-07-26
36 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 333 Lanai BISH 1928-06-06
37 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8179 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
38 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 391 Lanai BISH 1928-10-23
39 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 664 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
40 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
41 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Myrsinne, Ilex, Dodonaea, Coprosma, Freycinetia, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Diplazium, Athurium, Peperomia, Tibouchina, Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Occasional many-branched small treees to 4 meters tall in dense shady forest. Oppenheimer, H.L. 2203 Maui BISH 2022-11-11
42 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub; hypanthium green; calyx lobes and corolla pink purple; staminal column violet; anthers dark purple Lammers, T.G. 5681 Maui BISH 1984-07-14
43 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Broussaisia arguta, Metrosideros; wet, semi bog Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 2143 Maui BISH 1966-08-10
44 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occasional on ridgetop, not near any bogs. Vegetation: Metrosideros Wet Forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to 1.5m tall; latex white; flowers rose-purple. Oppenheimer, H.L. 121415 Maui BISH 2014-12-08
45 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details bog Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. Maui BISH 1973-10-17
46 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Metrosideros, Sadleria, Broussaisia Preserved_Specimen to 3' shrub with red violet flowers Carlquist, S. 23 Maui BISH 1953-08-26
47 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details thicket near top Preserved_Specimen round topped shrub, flowers cerise St.John, H. 10241 Maui BISH 1930-02-06
48 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details trail Preserved_Specimen shrub, small flowers and leaves, fine textured; calyx=corolla; mature flowers ~1 long; buds reddish Gillett, G.W. 1782 Maui BISH 1965-06-21
49 Clermontia micrantha Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details wet forest; Metrosideros, Dicranopteris linearis, Cyrtandra grayi, Psychotria, Pipturus, Cibotium, Touchardia, Tetraplasandra oahuensis, Hedyotis terminalis, Hesperomannia, Xylosma hawaiiense, Freycinetia, Myrsine, Syzygium sandwicense, Ilex, Clermontia micrantha, Dodonaea viscosa, Rubus rosiifolius, Clidemia hirta, Psidium guajava; along stream Preserved_Specimen 3 m shrub; flower purple; immature fruit Perlman, S. 19428 Maui BISH 2004-12-16
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